UNDERSTANDING FARMERS SEASONAL AND FULL YEAR STALL FEEDING ADOPTION IN NORTHERN ETHIOPIA

Adoption of stall feeding (SF) as well as choices of animals and seasons for its appli cation were assessed in northern Ethiopia in 2015 using a household field survey.The study was conducted in 21 communities to account for differences in agro ecology and to better understand the adoption process.A Heckman selection model was used to estimate adoption and extent of adoption based on a model of technology adoption within an agricultural household framework.A Poisson model was also applied to explain the number of SF adopting seasons.Further a multinomial logit model was estimated in order to reinforce understanding of the choices.The purpose of this study was to understand the driving factors of full or seasonal SF adoption and its intensity as well as animal and seasonal choices.The study results indicate that farmers actually practicing SF in a full year are 36% while those of actual seasonal adopters are 55.6%.The choice of animals allocated to SF include cow (40%), ox (31%) and other animals (29%) of the given sample indicating feeding cow under SF takes the largest share.Similarly, the choice for season were, 65% full year, 29 % wet (summer and autumn) and 6% dry (winter and spring), implying that more than half of the sample farmers practice SF the year round.Empirical results of this study showed that result is in favour of the Boserupian hypothesis indicating that small grazing land and large exclosure are associated with a higher probability of use of SF and with a higher number of SF adopting seasons throughout the year.In a similar vein, small average village farm size stimulated full SF adoption and SF adopting seasons, Availability of labour relative to farm size and a number of breed cows significantly increased the probability of using SF by 0.01% and 66% respectively.While animal shock appeared to have a marginal effect of 14%.The finding also revealed that factors such as access to information and early exposure increased the probability of SF adoption by 18% and 6%.Similarly, the positive marginal effect of real milk price is 15%.However, SF appears to be less attractive to those farmers with more herd size relative farm size and less crop residue.Regarding the intensity of SF adoption, while total labour time, farm size positively affect the extent of SF adoption, total herd size and grazing land ratio negatively influence farmers' extent of SF adoption in all seasons.