Melatonin: Clinical Perspectives in Neurodegeneration
Description
Prevention of neurodegenerative diseases is presently a major goal for our Society and melatonin, an unusual phylogenetically conserved molecule present in all aerobic organisms, merits consideration in this respect. Melatonin combines both chronobiotic and cytoprotective properties. As a chronobiotic, melatonin can modify phase and amplitude of biological rhythms. As a cytoprotective molecule, melatonin reverses the low degree inflammatory damage seen in neurodegenerative disorders and aging. Low levels of melatonin in blood characterizes advancing age. In experimental models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) the neurodegeneration observed is prevented by melatonin. Melatonin also increased removal of toxic proteins by the brain glymphatic system. A limited number of clinical trials endorse melatonin's potentiality in AD and PD, particularly at an early stage of disease. Calculations derived from animal studies indicate cytoprotective melatonin doses in the 40-100 mg/day range. Hence, controlled studies employing melatonin doses in this range are urgently needed. The off-label use of melatonin is discussed.
Translated Descriptions
Translated Description (Arabic)
تعد الوقاية من الأمراض التنكسية العصبية في الوقت الحاضر هدفًا رئيسيًا لمجتمعنا، ويستحق الميلاتونين، وهو جزيء غير عادي محفوظ وراثيًا في جميع الكائنات الحية الهوائية، النظر في هذا الصدد. يجمع الميلاتونين بين الخصائص الحيوية والخلوية. وباعتباره كرونوبيوتيك، يمكن للميلاتونين تعديل مرحلة وسعة الإيقاعات البيولوجية. كجزيء واقي للخلايا، يعكس الميلاتونين الضرر الالتهابي منخفض الدرجة الذي يظهر في الاضطرابات التنكسية العصبية والشيخوخة. تتميز مستويات الميلاتونين المنخفضة في الدم بتقدم العمر. في النماذج التجريبية لمرض الزهايمر (AD) ومرض باركنسون (PD)، يتم منع التنكس العصبي الملاحظ بواسطة الميلاتونين. كما زاد الميلاتونين من إزالة البروتينات السامة من قبل الجهاز اللمفاوي في الدماغ. يؤيد عدد محدود من التجارب السريرية إمكانات الميلاتونين في مرض الزهايمر ومرض باركنسون، خاصة في مرحلة مبكرة من المرض. تشير الحسابات المستمدة من الدراسات على الحيوانات إلى جرعات الميلاتونين الواقية من الخلايا في نطاق 40-100 ملغ/يوم. وبالتالي، هناك حاجة ماسة إلى دراسات مضبوطة تستخدم جرعات الميلاتونين في هذا النطاق. تمت مناقشة استخدام الميلاتونين خارج التسمية.Translated Description (French)
La prévention des maladies neurodégénératives est actuellement un objectif majeur pour notre Société et la mélatonine, une molécule inhabituelle phylogénétiquement conservée présente dans tous les organismes aérobies, mérite d'être prise en compte à cet égard. La mélatonine combine à la fois des propriétés chronobiotiques et cytoprotectrices. En tant que chronobiotique, la mélatonine peut modifier la phase et l'amplitude des rythmes biologiques. En tant que molécule cytoprotectrice, la mélatonine inverse les dommages inflammatoires de faible degré observés dans les troubles neurodégénératifs et le vieillissement. De faibles niveaux de mélatonine dans le sang caractérisent l'âge avancé. Dans les modèles expérimentaux de la maladie d'Alzheimer (MA) et de la maladie de Parkinson (MP), la neurodégénérescence observée est prévenue par la mélatonine. La mélatonine a également augmenté l'élimination des protéines toxiques par le système glymphatique cérébral. Un nombre limité d'essais cliniques approuvent le potentiel de la mélatonine dans la MA et la MP, en particulier à un stade précoce de la maladie. Les calculs dérivés d'études animales indiquent des doses de mélatonine cytoprotectrices comprises entre 40 et 100 mg/jour. Par conséquent, des études contrôlées utilisant des doses de mélatonine dans cette gamme sont nécessaires de toute urgence. L'utilisation hors AMM de la mélatonine est discutée.Translated Description (Spanish)
La prevención de enfermedades neurodegenerativas es actualmente un objetivo importante para nuestra Sociedad y la melatonina, una molécula inusual filogenéticamente conservada presente en todos los organismos aeróbicos, merece consideración a este respecto. La melatonina combina propiedades tanto cronobióticas como citoprotectoras. Como cronobiótico, la melatonina puede modificar la fase y la amplitud de los ritmos biológicos. Como molécula citoprotectora, la melatonina revierte el daño inflamatorio de bajo grado que se observa en los trastornos neurodegenerativos y el envejecimiento. Los bajos niveles de melatonina en la sangre caracterizan el avance de la edad. En modelos experimentales de enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) y enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) la neurodegeneración observada es prevenida por la melatonina. La melatonina también aumentó la eliminación de proteínas tóxicas por parte del sistema glifático cerebral. Un número limitado de ensayos clínicos respalda la potencialidad de la melatonina en la EA y la EP, particularmente en una etapa temprana de la enfermedad. Los cálculos derivados de estudios en animales indican dosis citoprotectoras de melatonina en el rango de 40-100 mg/día. Por lo tanto, se necesitan con urgencia estudios controlados que empleen dosis de melatonina en este rango. Se discute el uso fuera de etiqueta de la melatonina.Files
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Additional details
Additional titles
- Translated title (Arabic)
- الميلاتونين: وجهات نظر سريرية في التنكس العصبي
- Translated title (French)
- Mélatonine : perspectives cliniques en neurodégénérescence
- Translated title (Spanish)
- Melatonina: Perspectivas clínicas en neurodegeneración
Identifiers
- Other
- https://openalex.org/W2960257281
- DOI
- 10.3389/fendo.2019.00480
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