Published April 5, 2018
| Version v1
Publication
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The status of cryptococcosis in Latin America
Creators
- 1. Westmead Hospital
- 2. University of Sydney
- 3. Universidad del Rosario
- 4. University of Pamplona
- 5. Instituto de Medicina Tropical "Pedro Kourí"
- 6. Instituto Nacional de Salud
Description
Cryptococcosis is a life-threatening fungal infection caused by the encapsulated yeasts Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii, acquired from the environment. In Latin America, as occurring worldwide, C. neoformans causes more than 90% of the cases of cryptococcosis, affecting predominantly patients with HIV, while C. gattii generally affects otherwise healthy individuals. In this region, cryptococcal meningitis is the most common presentation, with amphotericin B and fluconazole being the antifungal drugs of choice. Avian droppings are the predominant environmental reservoir of C. neoformans, while C. gattii is associated with several arboreal species. Importantly, C. gattii has a high prevalence in Latin America and has been proposed to be the likely origin of some C. gattii populations in North America. Thus, in the recent years, significant progress has been made with the study of the basic biology and laboratory identification of cryptococcal strains, in understanding their ecology, population genetics, host-pathogen interactions, and the clinical epidemiology of this important mycosis in Latin America.
Translated Descriptions
⚠️
This is an automatic machine translation with an accuracy of 90-95%
Translated Description (Arabic)
داء المكورات الخفية هو عدوى فطرية مهددة للحياة تسببها الخمائر المغلفة Cryptococcus neoformans و C. gattii، المكتسبة من البيئة. في أمريكا اللاتينية، كما يحدث في جميع أنحاء العالم، يسبب C. neoformans أكثر من 90 ٪ من حالات داء المكورات الخفية، مما يؤثر في الغالب على المرضى المصابين بفيروس نقص المناعة البشرية، في حين أن C. gattii يؤثر بشكل عام على الأفراد الأصحاء. في هذه المنطقة، يعد التهاب السحايا بالمكورات الخفية هو العرض الأكثر شيوعًا، حيث يكون الأمفوتريسين ب والفلوكونازول هما العقاقير المضادة للفطريات المفضلة. فضلات الطيور هي الخزان البيئي السائد لـ C. neoformans، في حين يرتبط C. gattii بالعديد من الأنواع الشجرية. الأهم من ذلك، أن C. gattii لديه معدل انتشار مرتفع في أمريكا اللاتينية وقد تم اقتراحه ليكون الأصل المحتمل لبعض سكان C. gattii في أمريكا الشمالية. وهكذا، في السنوات الأخيرة، تم إحراز تقدم كبير في دراسة البيولوجيا الأساسية والتعرف المختبري على سلالات المكورات الخفية، في فهم بيئتها، وعلم الوراثة السكانية، والتفاعلات بين المضيف والممرض، وعلم الأوبئة السريرية لهذا الفطار المهم في أمريكا اللاتينية.Translated Description (French)
La cryptococcose est une infection fongique potentiellement mortelle causée par les levures encapsulées Cryptococcus neoformans et C. gattii, acquises dans l'environnement. En Amérique latine, comme dans le monde entier, C. neoformans est à l'origine de plus de 90 % des cas de cryptococcose, affectant principalement les patients atteints du VIH, tandis que C. gattii affecte généralement des personnes par ailleurs en bonne santé. Dans cette région, la méningite cryptococcique est la présentation la plus courante, l'amphotéricine B et le fluconazole étant les médicaments antifongiques de choix. Les excréments aviaires sont le réservoir environnemental prédominant de C. neoformans, tandis que C. gattii est associé à plusieurs espèces arboricoles. Fait important, la prévalence de C. gattii est élevée en Amérique latine et il a été proposé qu'elle soit probablement à l'origine de certaines populations de C. gattii en Amérique du Nord. Ainsi, au cours des dernières années, des progrès significatifs ont été réalisés avec l'étude de la biologie de base et l'identification en laboratoire des souches de cryptocoques, dans la compréhension de leur écologie, de la génétique des populations, des interactions hôte-pathogène et de l'épidémiologie clinique de cette importante mycose en Amérique latine.Translated Description (Spanish)
La criptococosis es una infección fúngica potencialmente mortal causada por las levaduras encapsuladas Cryptococcus neoformans y C. gattii, adquiridas del medio ambiente. En América Latina, como ocurre en todo el mundo, C. neoformans causa más del 90% de los casos de criptococosis, afectando predominantemente a pacientes con VIH, mientras que C. gattii generalmente afecta a individuos sanos. En esta región, la meningitis criptocócica es la presentación más común, siendo la anfotericina B y el fluconazol los fármacos antifúngicos de elección. Los excrementos aviares son el reservorio ambiental predominante de C. neoformans, mientras que C. gattii se asocia con varias especies arbóreas. Es importante destacar que C. gattii tiene una alta prevalencia en América Latina y se ha propuesto que es el origen probable de algunas poblaciones de C. gattii en América del Norte. Así, en los últimos años, se ha avanzado significativamente con el estudio de la biología básica y la identificación de laboratorio de cepas criptocócicas, en la comprensión de su ecología, genética de poblaciones, interacciones huésped-patógeno y la epidemiología clínica de esta importante micosis en América Latina.Files
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Additional details
Additional titles
- Translated title (Arabic)
- حالة داء المكورات الخفية في أمريكا اللاتينية
- Translated title (French)
- Le statut de la cryptococcose en Amérique latine
- Translated title (Spanish)
- El estado de la criptococosis en América Latina
Identifiers
- Other
- https://openalex.org/W2796069393
- DOI
- 10.1590/0074-02760170554
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