Published October 24, 2022 | Version v1
Publication Open

Narrative review on century of respiratory pandemics from Spanish flu to COVID-19 and impact of nanotechnology on COVID-19 diagnosis and immune system boosting

Creators

  • 1. Ain Shams University
  • 2. Badr University in Cairo
  • 3. Al Azhar University
  • 4. University of Tabuk
  • 5. University of Hassan II Casablanca
  • 6. Jazan University
  • 7. Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority

Description

Abstract The rise of the highly lethal severe acute respiratory syndrome-2 (SARS-2) as corona virus 2019 (COVID-19) reminded us of the history of other pandemics that happened in the last century (Spanish flu) and stayed in the current century, which include Severe-Acute-Respiratory-Syndrome (SARS), Middle-East-Respiratory-Syndrome (MERS), Corona Virus 2019 (COVID-19). We review in this report the newest findings and data on the origin of pandemic respiratory viral diseases, reservoirs, and transmission modes. We analyzed viral adaption needed for host switch and determinants of pathogenicity, causative factors of pandemic viruses, and symptoms and clinical manifestations. After that, we concluded the host factors associated with pandemics morbidity and mortality (immune responses and immunopathology, ages, and effect of pandemics on pregnancy). Additionally, we focused on the burdens of COVID-19, non-pharmaceutical interventions (quarantine, mass gatherings, facemasks, and hygiene), and medical interventions (antiviral therapies and vaccines). Finally, we investigated the nanotechnology between COVID-19 analysis and immune system boosting (Nanoparticles (NPs), antimicrobial NPs as antivirals and immune cytokines). This review presents insights about using nanomaterials to treat COVID-19, improve the bioavailability of the abused drugs, diminish their toxicity, and improve their performance. Graphical Abstract

⚠️ This is an automatic machine translation with an accuracy of 90-95%

Translated Description (Arabic)

الملخص ذكرنا ظهور المتلازمة التنفسية الحادة الوخيمة المميتة للغاية-2 (SARS -2) كفيروس كورونا 2019 (COVID -19) بتاريخ الأوبئة الأخرى التي حدثت في القرن الماضي (الإنفلونزا الإسبانية) وبقيت في القرن الحالي، والتي تشمل المتلازمة التنفسية الحادة الوخيمة-2 (SARS)، ومتلازمة الشرق الأوسط التنفسية (MERS)، وفيروس كورونا 2019 (COVID -19). نستعرض في هذا التقرير أحدث النتائج والبيانات حول أصل الأمراض الفيروسية التنفسية الوبائية والخزانات وطرق الانتقال. قمنا بتحليل التكيف الفيروسي اللازم لمفتاح المضيف ومحددات الإمراض والعوامل المسببة للفيروسات الوبائية والأعراض والمظاهر السريرية. بعد ذلك، خلصنا إلى العوامل المضيفة المرتبطة بالأوبئة والاعتلال والوفيات (الاستجابات المناعية والأمراض المناعية والأعمار وتأثير الأوبئة على الحمل). بالإضافة إلى ذلك، ركزنا على أعباء COVID -19، والتدخلات غير الدوائية (الحجر الصحي، والتجمعات الجماعية، وأقنعة الوجه، والنظافة)، والتدخلات الطبية (العلاجات واللقاحات المضادة للفيروسات). أخيرًا، حققنا في تقنية النانو بين تحليل COVID -19 وتعزيز الجهاز المناعي (الجسيمات النانوية (NPs)، الجسيمات النانوية المضادة للميكروبات كمضادات للفيروسات والسيتوكينات المناعية). تقدم هذه المراجعة رؤى حول استخدام المواد النانوية لعلاج COVID -19، وتحسين التوافر الحيوي للأدوية المتعاطاة، وتقليل سميتها، وتحسين أدائها. الملخص الرسومي

Translated Description (French)

Résumé La montée du syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère (SRAS-2) hautement létal en tant que coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) nous a rappelé l'histoire d'autres pandémies survenues au siècle dernier (grippe espagnole) et qui sont restées au siècle actuel, notamment le syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère (SRAS), le syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (MERS), le coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Nous passons en revue dans ce rapport les dernières découvertes et données sur l'origine des maladies virales respiratoires pandémiques, les réservoirs et les modes de transmission. Nous avons analysé l'adaptation virale nécessaire pour le changement d'hôte et les déterminants de la pathogénicité, les facteurs responsables des virus pandémiques, ainsi que les symptômes et les manifestations cliniques. Après cela, nous avons conclu les facteurs hôtes associés à la morbidité et à la mortalité des pandémies (réponses immunitaires et immunopathologie, âges et effet des pandémies sur la grossesse). De plus, nous nous sommes concentrés sur le fardeau de la COVID-19, les interventions non pharmaceutiques (quarantaine, rassemblements de masse, masques faciaux et hygiène) et les interventions médicales (thérapies antivirales et vaccins). Enfin, nous avons étudié la nanotechnologie entre l'analyse de la COVID-19 et le renforcement du système immunitaire (nanoparticules (NP), NP antimicrobiennes comme antiviraux et cytokines immunitaires). Cette revue présente des informations sur l'utilisation de nanomatériaux pour traiter la COVID-19, améliorer la biodisponibilité des médicaments abusés, diminuer leur toxicité et améliorer leurs performances. Résumé graphique

Translated Description (Spanish)

Resumen El surgimiento del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo altamente letal-2 (SARS-2) como coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) nos recordó la historia de otras pandemias que ocurrieron en el siglo pasado (gripe española) y se mantuvieron en el siglo actual, que incluyen el síndrome respiratorio agudo severo (SARS), el síndrome respiratorio de Oriente Medio (MERS), el coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). En este informe revisamos los hallazgos y datos más recientes sobre el origen de las enfermedades virales respiratorias pandémicas, los reservorios y los modos de transmisión. Analizamos la adaptación viral necesaria para el cambio de huésped y los determinantes de la patogenicidad, los factores causantes de los virus pandémicos y los síntomas y manifestaciones clínicas. Después de eso, concluimos los factores del huésped asociados con la morbilidad y mortalidad de las pandemias (respuestas inmunitarias e inmunopatología, edades y efecto de las pandemias en el embarazo). Además, nos centramos en las cargas de COVID-19, las intervenciones no farmacéuticas (cuarentena, reuniones masivas, mascarillas e higiene) y las intervenciones médicas (terapias antivirales y vacunas). Finalmente, investigamos la nanotecnología entre el análisis de COVID-19 y el refuerzo del sistema inmunitario (nanopartículas (NP), NP antimicrobianas como antivirales y citoquinas inmunitarias). Esta revisión presenta información sobre el uso de nanomateriales para tratar COVID-19, mejorar la biodisponibilidad de los medicamentos abusados, disminuir su toxicidad y mejorar su rendimiento.

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Additional details

Additional titles

Translated title (Arabic)
استعراض سردي لقرن من الأوبئة التنفسية من الأنفلونزا الإسبانية إلى كوفيد-19 وتأثير تكنولوجيا النانو على تشخيص كوفيد-19 وتعزيز الجهاز المناعي
Translated title (French)
Examen narratif du siècle des pandémies respiratoires de la grippe espagnole à la COVID-19 et impact de la nanotechnologie sur le diagnostic de la COVID-19 et le renforcement du système immunitaire
Translated title (Spanish)
Revisión narrativa sobre el siglo de las pandemias respiratorias desde la gripe española hasta la COVID-19 y el impacto de la nanotecnología en el diagnóstico de COVID-19 y el refuerzo del sistema inmunológico

Identifiers

Other
https://openalex.org/W4307379553
DOI
10.1186/s12985-022-01902-2

Is supplement to
https://openalex.org/W3186579242 (Other)
https://openalex.org/W3162509081 (Other)
https://openalex.org/W3023926859 (Other)
https://openalex.org/W2580529751 (Other)
https://openalex.org/W2570927838 (Other)
https://openalex.org/W2280966491 (Other)
https://openalex.org/W2103741738 (Other)
https://openalex.org/W2100092422 (Other)
https://openalex.org/W2039660151 (Other)
https://openalex.org/W1572521318 (Other)

GreSIS Basics Section

Is Global South Knowledge
Yes
Country
Egypt

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