Published January 19, 2023
| Version v1
Publication
Open
Energetic overturning flows, dynamic interocean exchanges, and ocean warming observed in the South Atlantic
Creators
- 1. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
- 2. NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories
- 3. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
- 4. École Normale Supérieure - PSL
- 5. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
- 6. Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique
- 7. École Polytechnique
- 8. Direction Générale de l'Armement
- 9. Scripps Institution of Oceanography
- 10. University of California, San Diego
- 11. Universidade de São Paulo
- 12. GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel
Description
Abstract Since the inception of the international South Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation initiative in the 21st century, substantial advances have been made in observing and understanding the Southern Hemisphere component of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Here we synthesize insights gained into overturning flows, interocean exchanges, and water mass distributions and pathways in the South Atlantic. The overturning circulation in the South Atlantic uniquely carries heat equatorward and exports freshwater poleward and consists of two strong overturning cells. Density and pressure gradients, winds, eddies, boundary currents, and interocean exchanges create an energetic circulation in the subtropical and tropical South Atlantic Ocean. The relative importance of these drivers varies with the observed latitude and time scale. AMOC, interocean exchanges, and climate changes drive ocean warming at all depths, upper ocean salinification, and freshening in the deep and abyssal ocean in the South Atlantic. Long-term sustained observations are critical to detect and understand these changes and their impacts.
Translated Descriptions
⚠️
This is an automatic machine translation with an accuracy of 90-95%
Translated Description (Arabic)
منذ بدء المبادرة الدولية للدوران الانقلابي في جنوب المحيط الأطلسي في القرن الحادي والعشرين، تم إحراز تقدم كبير في مراقبة وفهم مكون نصف الكرة الجنوبي للدوران الانقلابي في المحيط الأطلسي (AMOC). هنا نجمع الرؤى المكتسبة في قلب التدفقات، والتبادلات بين المحيطات، وتوزيع كتلة المياه والمسارات في جنوب المحيط الأطلسي. إن الدوران الانقلابي في جنوب المحيط الأطلسي يحمل الحرارة بشكل فريد إلى خط الاستواء ويصدر المياه العذبة إلى القطب ويتكون من خليتين انقلابيتين قويتين. تخلق تدرجات الكثافة والضغط والرياح والدوامات والتيارات الحدودية والتبادلات بين المحيطات دورانًا نشطًا في جنوب المحيط الأطلسي شبه الاستوائي والاستوائي. تختلف الأهمية النسبية لهذه المحركات باختلاف خط العرض والمقياس الزمني المرصودين. تؤدي التبادلات بين المحيطات والتغيرات المناخية إلى ارتفاع درجة حرارة المحيطات في جميع الأعماق، وملوحة المحيطات العليا، والانتعاش في المحيطات العميقة والسحيقة في جنوب المحيط الأطلسي. تعتبر الملاحظات المستمرة على المدى الطويل أمرًا بالغ الأهمية للكشف عن هذه التغييرات وآثارها وفهمها.Translated Description (French)
Résumé Depuis le lancement de l'initiative internationale de circulation méridionale de retournement de l'Atlantique Sud au XXIe siècle, des progrès substantiels ont été réalisés dans l'observation et la compréhension de la composante de l'hémisphère Sud de la circulation méridionale de retournement de l'Atlantique (AMOC). Nous synthétisons ici les connaissances acquises sur les flux de renversement, les échanges interocéaniques et les distributions et voies de répartition de la masse d'eau dans l'Atlantique Sud. La circulation de renversement dans l'Atlantique Sud transporte uniquement la chaleur vers l'équateur et exporte l'eau douce vers les pôles et se compose de deux fortes cellules de renversement. Les gradients de densité et de pression, les vents, les tourbillons, les courants limites et les échanges interocéaniques créent une circulation énergétique dans l'océan Atlantique Sud subtropical et tropical. L'importance relative de ces facteurs varie en fonction de la latitude et de l'échelle de temps observées. L'AMOC, les échanges interocéaniques et les changements climatiques entraînent le réchauffement des océans à toutes les profondeurs, la salinisation des océans supérieurs et l'assainissement de l'océan profond et abyssal de l'Atlantique Sud. Des observations soutenues à long terme sont essentielles pour détecter et comprendre ces changements et leurs impacts.Translated Description (Spanish)
Resumen Desde el inicio de la iniciativa internacional de Circulación Meridional de Retorno del Atlántico Sur en el siglo XXI, se han logrado avances sustanciales en la observación y comprensión del componente del Hemisferio Sur de la Circulación Meridional de Retorno del Atlántico (AMOC). Aquí sintetizamos los conocimientos adquiridos sobre los flujos de vuelco, los intercambios interoceánicos y las distribuciones y vías de masas de agua en el Atlántico Sur. La circulación de vuelco en el Atlántico Sur transporta de manera única el calor hacia el ecuador y exporta agua dulce hacia los polos y consta de dos fuertes celdas de vuelco. Los gradientes de densidad y presión, los vientos, los remolinos, las corrientes límite y los intercambios interoceánicos crean una circulación energética en el Océano Atlántico Sur subtropical y tropical. La importancia relativa de estos impulsores varía con la latitud y la escala de tiempo observadas. El AMOC, los intercambios interoceánicos y los cambios climáticos impulsan el calentamiento del océano a todas las profundidades, la salinización del océano superior y el refrescamiento en el océano profundo y abisal en el Atlántico Sur. Las observaciones sostenidas a largo plazo son fundamentales para detectar y comprender estos cambios y sus impactos.Files
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Additional details
Additional titles
- Translated title (Arabic)
- تدفقات الانقلاب النشطة، والتبادلات الديناميكية بين المحيطات، واحترار المحيطات التي لوحظت في جنوب المحيط الأطلسي
- Translated title (French)
- Flux de renversement énergétiques, échanges interocéaniques dynamiques et réchauffement des océans observés dans l'Atlantique Sud
- Translated title (Spanish)
- Caudales de vuelco energético, intercambios interoceánicos dinámicos y calentamiento oceánico observados en el Atlántico Sur
Identifiers
- Other
- https://openalex.org/W4317499871
- DOI
- 10.1038/s43247-022-00644-x
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